澳大利亚残疾人社会保障和公共服务的基本经验及对我国的启示

国务院研究室社会发展司副司长  刘文海

摘要：澳大利亚残疾人社会保障和服务体系建设的基本经验有三条：一是建立了基本收入补贴制度，每个残疾人均享有基本收入保障和生活保障；二是在反歧视法律的约束下，政府和社会以较大的投入创造条件帮助残疾人融入主流社会特别是致力于保障残疾人得到便携的护理、良好的教育和适宜的就业岗位；三是与残疾人相关的社会服务主要由政府引导、非营利性社会组织承担，全社会公共建筑、公共交通和公共传媒都采取了比较完善的无障碍措施。借鉴澳大利亚经验并充分考虑我国国情,当前应优先推动残疾人收入补贴等基础性制度建设，保障残疾人基本生活和基本权益，并逐步提高残疾人的社会参与和社会融合，使残疾人得到全面发展:

第一，建立一个基本的残疾人收入补贴制度，应当是我国残疾人事业发展中最为关键、最为优先的制度建设，也是残疾人基本权益保障和维护尊严体面的根本举措。第二，在经济条件较好的地区，加快探索建立残疾人护理补贴制度。第三，把全社会范围内的无障碍设施建设纳入公共服务体系，确立基本标准，在公共建筑、公共交通等立法中作出明确规定。第四，政府和社会要创造条件，让残疾人更多地融入普通人的社会生活，尤其是在受教育、就业和日常社会生活方面。第五，大力发展专业化社会组织，为残疾人提供相关服务。

关键词：澳大利亚  残疾人  社会保障和服务

Abstract: Australians has three basic experiences in the construction of a disability social security and service system: first is to establish a basic income subsidy system, each with disabilities are entitled to basic income security and livelihood security; second is bounded by the anti-discrimination laws, the Government and the community created conditions for greater investment in helping disabled people blending into mainstream society, especially is committed to protection of persons with disabilities to be portable care, good education and suitable jobs; third, the social services which are related to the disabled are Guided by the government and undertook by non-profit social organization, The whole social and public buildings, public transport and public media have taken a relatively comprehensive barrier-free measures. According to the learning from Australia`s experience and taking full account of national conditions of China, Priority should be given currently to promote the basic system construction such as the disabled Income Supplement to Protect basic life and basic rights of persons with disabilities, and then to gradually increase social participation and social integration of persons with disabilities, so that all round development of the disabled:
First, the establishment of a basic disability income subsidy system should be the most critical and highest priority System Construction of the development of Cause for the disabled in China, is also the fundamental measure to protect the basic rights and safeguard the dignity of a decent of persons with disabilities. Second, speeding up the exploration and establishment of disabled care subsidy system in better economic conditions areas. Third, bringing the constructions of society-wide barrier-free facilities into the public service system, and establish the basic standards, make clearly defined in the legislation of public buildings, public transport and others. Fourth, government and society should create conditions to allow more people with disabilities to integrate into ordinary people`s social life, especially in education, employment and everyday social life. Fifth, we should make Great efforts to develop specialized social organizations and related services for persons with disabilities.
Keywords: Australian, the disabled, the social security and service,

--(本文摘自《残疾人社会保障与服务国际论坛暨第三届中国残疾人事业发展论坛论文集》)